UNIDAD 3
PASADO SIMPLE
Tabla de formación
Para formar el pasado
simple de los verbos regulares se debe agregar la terminación –ed. Los
irregulares no siguen ningún modelo y deben ser aprendidos de memoria.
|
Afirmación |
Negación |
Interrogación |
|
I played |
I did not play |
Did I play? |
|
You played |
You did not play |
Did you play? |
|
He played |
He did not play |
Did he play? |
|
She played |
She did not play |
Did she play? |
|
It played |
It did not play |
Did it play? |
|
We played |
We did not play |
Did we play? |
|
They played |
They did not play |
Did they play? |
|
Afirmación (to be) |
Negación (to be) |
Interrogación (to be) |
|
I was hungry |
I was not hungry |
Was I hungry? |
|
You were hungry |
You were not hungry |
Were you hungry? |
|
He was hungry |
He was not hungry |
Was he hungry? |
|
She was hungry |
She was not hungry |
Was she hungry? |
|
It was hungry |
It was not hungry |
Was it hungry? |
|
We were hungry |
We were not hungry |
Were we hungry? |
|
They were hungry |
They were not hungry |
Were they hungry? |
Ortografía
Adicionalmente a la
regla general de agregar ed para
formar el pasado simple y pasado participio, se deben tomar en cuenta los
siguientes casos:
1.- Los verbos
terminados en una –e muda, agregan –d al final.
race >
raced
move >
moved
change >
changed
live >
lived
create >
created
2.- Los verbos
terminados en consonante + y, cambian la y por –ied.
worry > worried
dry > dried
study > studied
rely > relied
spy >
spied
3.- Los verbos de una
sílaba que terminan en vocal + consonante que no sea –w, –x o –y, duplican la consonante antes de agregar
–ed.
stop > stopped
plan > planned
rub > rubbed
beg > begged
4.- Los verbos
de más de una sílaba que terminan en vocal + consonante que no sea –w, –x o –y, duplican la consonante antes de agregar
–ed, siempre que el acento esté en la última sílaba.
prefer > preferred
control
> controlled
commit
> committed
admit > admitted
Usos
• Se usa para hablar
de una acción ocurrida en un momento específico del pasado y que está
concluida.
I talked to him yesterday. Hablé con él ayer.
She woke up early this morning.
Ella despertó temprano esta mañana.
• Se usa para hablar
de acciones repetidas u concluidas en el pasado.
I saw that film five times last year. Ví esa
película cinco veces el año pasado.
He won the race four times last year. Él ganó
la carrera cuatro veces el año pasado.
• Se usa para hablar
de una acción ocurrida en un período de tiempo en el pasado.
I lived in France for two years.
Viví en Francia por dos años.
When I was young I played the piano. Cuando
era joven tocaba el piano.
Formas del pasado
simple de to be y to have:
I was tired last night. Estaba cansado anoche.
I was hungry last night. Tenía hambre anoche.
He wasn’t poor. Él no era
pobre.
They weren’t in the park yesterday.
Ellos no estuvieron en el parque ayer.
Were they at the party? ¿Estuvieron ellos en la fiesta?
Were you at home at 7.00? ¿Estuviste en casa a las 7.00?
I had a cat. Yo tenía
un gato.
She had black hair. Ella tenía el pelo
negro.
I didn’t have a dog. Yo no tenía un perro.
I didn’t have a book. Yo no tenía un libro.
Did you have a car? ¿Tenías un auto?
Did you have a bicycle? ¿Tenías una bicicleta?
Ejercicio 1
Elegir a cuál de los
siguientes usos corresponde cada una de las siguientes oraciones:
momento
especifico acción repetida período de tiempo
1 We went to a disco last night. .....................
2 She left this afternoon. .....................
3 I read that book five times last month. .....................
4 We went to the beach every day last summer. .....................
5
Elizabeth died in 1995.
.....................
6 From 1991 to 1994 I worked in a hotel. .....................
7 I saw her at the concert yesterday. .....................
8 He bought this car two years ago. .....................
9 We talked on the phone for forty minutes. .....................
10
We visited Japan four
times last year. .....................
11
I played chess every
day when I was young. .....................
12
I worked in the garden
this morning. .....................
13
We went to that
restaurant every Friday when we were young. .....................
14
She studied German for
two years. .....................
15
When I was at school I
hated history. .....................
16
He worked for us for
two years. .....................
Ejercicio 2
Reescribir cada
oración y colocar didn’t o did donde corresponda:
1 I watch TV yesterday......................
2 He have breakfast this morning. .....................
3 I work on Friday. .....................
4 you see John yesterday? .....................
5 it rain yesterday? .....................
6 We eat meat yesterday. .....................
7 you clean the kitchen yesterday? .....................
8 She speak to me. .....................
9 you watch TV last night? .....................
10
Tom come to the party?
.....................
11
you talk to
him?.....................
12
I go to the bank this
morning. .....................
13
I shave today.
.....................
14
you enjoy your
holiday? .....................
Ejercicio 3
Reescribir cada
oración y colocar was, were, wasn’t, weren’t, didn’t, had o did donde corresponda:
1 She on the beach yesterday. ..................... (afirmativa)
2 She at home last night...................... (negativa)
3 They here last night. ..................... (negativa)
4 He happy yesterday. ..................... (afirmativa)
5 They in the park yesterday. ..................... (afirmativa)
6 Paul at work yesterday? ..................... (interrogativa)
7 you in the office at 7.00? ..................... (interrogativa)
8 We at the station until 7.00. ..................... (afirmativa)
9 He in the office until 8.00. ..................... (afirmativa)
10
The hotel expensive.
..................... (negativa)
11
I a dog.
..................... (afirmativa)
12
I have a cat.
..................... (negativa)
13
They have a camera.
..................... (negativa)
14
She have black hair.
..................... (negativa)
15
I hungry last night.
..................... (negativa)
16
I a
book...................... (afirmativa)
17
They a house.
..................... (afirmativa)
18
I ill yesterday.
..................... (negativa)
19
he fat?
..................... (interrogativa)
20
you have a
cat?..................... (interrogativa)
21
We a camera.
..................... (afirmativa)
22
you have a camera?
.....................
(interrogativa)
23
he rich?
..................... (interrogativa)
24
she an
actress?..................... (interrogativa)
25
They have a house.
..................... (negativa)
26
you have a book?
..................... (interrogativa)
27
He have a bicycle.
..................... (negativa)
28
They a car.
..................... (afirmativa)
29
He a bicycle.
..................... (afirmativa)
30
she have black hair?
..................... (interrogativa)
31
you have a dog?
..................... (interrogativa)
FUTURO SIMPLE
Tabla de formación
|
Afirmación |
Negación |
Interrogación |
|
I will play |
I will not play |
Will I play? |
|
You will play |
You will not play |
Will you play? |
|
He will play |
He will not play |
Will he play? |
|
She will play |
She will not play |
Will she play? |
|
It will play |
It will not play |
Will it play? |
|
We will play |
We will not play |
Will we play? |
|
They will play |
They will not play |
Will they play? |
Usos
• Se usa para predecir
acciones que ocurrirán en el futuro. Suponemos que estos hechos tienen una alta
probabilidad de ocurrir.
It will rain tomorrow. Lloverá mañana.
It will be sunny tomorrow. Estará soleado mañana.
Ejercicio 4
Reescribir cada
oración y colocar will o will not donde corresponda:
1 We have a party tonight. ..................... (afirmativa)
2 I travel to Spain next week. ..................... (afirmativa)
3 I’m sure Jeff get the job. ..................... (afirmativa)
4 The concert begin at 8.00 o’clock. ..................... (afirmativa)
5 He be busy this evening. ..................... (afirmativa)
6 She win the election. ..................... (negativa)
7 I think he be successful. ..................... (afirmativa)
8 you be at home this evening? ..................... (interrogativa)
9 you be here tomorrow? ..................... (interrogativa)
10
I be here tomorrow.
..................... (negativa)
11
I always love you.
..................... (afirmativa)
12
I forget you. ..................... (negativa)
UNIDAD 4
PLURAL
Para formar el plural
de los sustantivos contables se deben seguir las siguientes reglas:
1.-
Generalmente se agrega –s al final de la palabra.
table > tables
bed > beds
book > books
2.- Los sustantivos
terminados en –s, –x, –z, –ch, –sh, agregan –es al final.
watch > watches
dish > dishes
bus > buses
3.- Los sustantivos
terminados en –f o –fe cambian estas terminaciones por –ves, salvo algunas
excepciones: belief, chief, cliff, proof,
roof, safe.
leaf > leaves
thief > thieves
wolf > wolves
4.- Algunos
sustantivos terminados en –o agregan –s al final y otros –es, para esto no hay
una regla específica.