UNIDAD 31
CUANTIFICADORES I
MANY: indica una gran
cantidad y es usado con sustantivos contables principalmente en oraciones
negativas e interrogativas.
There are many fish in the sea.
Hay muchos peces en el mar.
I’ve heard that joke many times.
He escuchado ese chiste muchas veces.
They have been friends for many years. Ellos han
sido amigos por muchos años.
MUCH: se emplea para
hablar de una gran cantidad de algo con sustantivos incontables, de preferencia
en oraciones afirmativas y negativas. En las oraciones afirmativas tiene un
sentido más formal. También puede hacer referencia a una acción verbal.
Do you travel much? ¿Viajas mucho?
Did we make much noise last night?
¿Hicimos
mucho ruido anoche?
Hurry up! I haven’t got much time.
¡Apúrate! No tengo mucho tiempo.
There isn’t much cheese in the fridge. No hay
mucho queso en el refrigerador.
Ejercicio 1
Completar con much o many donde corresponda:
1 Are there ....... computers in your
school?
2 He hasn’t got ....... friends.
3 Do you drink ....... coffee?
4 Do you watch ....... TV?
5 Do you have ....... experience with video games?
6 I’ve learnt ....... interesting things from this book.
7 There are ....... museums in London.
8 Do you play ....... tennis?
9 Do you have ....... hope for the future?
10
Did you enjoy the
party? No, not ....... .
11
There weren’t .......
people at the concert.
12
He hasn’t .......
opportunities.
13
He doesn’t drink
....... Chilean wine.
14
She spoke to me but
she didn’t say ....... .
15
He doesn’t know
....... English.
16
She hasn’t got .......
money.
17
Are there .......
people in Australia?
18
I don’t get out
....... these days.
19
The baby doesn’t sleep
....... during the day.
20
They didn’t ask
....... questions.
21
I don’t waste .......
time on the internet.
22
It didn’t cost very
....... .
A LITTLE, LITTLE: se
refieren a una cantidad no importante de algo y se usan con sustantivos
incontables o adjetivos. A little tiene un sentido
positivo y little tiene un sentido negativo.
She drank a little water. Ella bebió un poco de agua.
I’ve got a little money in the bank. Tengo un
poco de dinero en el banco.
I have little time to read. Tengo poco tiempo para leer.
She showed little enthusiasm.
Ella
mostró poco entusiasmo.
A FEW, FEW: se
refieren a una cantidad no importante de algo y se usan con sustantivos
contables. A few tiene un sentido positivo y few tiene un sentido negativo.
He’s got a few friends. Él tiene unos pocos amigos.
I’ll be fine in a few days. Estaré bien en unos pocos días.
She has visited few countries.
Ella ha visitado pocos países.
Few people came to the party.
Pocas personas vinieron a la fiesta.
Ejercicio 2
Completar con a little o a few donde corresponda:
1 I can speak ....... French.
2 I’ve got ....... problems at home.
3 There weren’t many people there. Just .......
4 I’ve been to Australia ....... times.
5 She likes to put ....... milk in her coffee.
6 Could you pass me ....... of those oranges?
7 He bought ....... bananas.
8 Could you speak ....... louder?
9 There’s ....... sugar in the kitchen.
Ejercicio 3
Completar con little o few donde corresponda:
1 Peter has ....... experience in management.
2 She put her ....... clothes into a bag.
3 I can’t talk to you today. I have very ....... time.
4 There was ....... traffic on the road this morning.
5 He’s got ....... friends.
6 He owns ....... books on English literature.
A LOT OF: se usa para
hablar de una gran cantidad o número de algo con sustantivos contables e
incontables, de preferencia en oraciones afirmativas. Si va al final de la
oración se omite of. También se puede
usar para referirse a acciones verbales.
She made a lot of mistakes. Ella cometió muchos
errores.
There were a lot of people at the concert. Había
mucha gente en el concierto.
Ejercicio 4
Completar con a lot of o a lot donde corresponda:
1 I drink ....... coffee.
2 We go to the cinema .......
3 John is talkative. He talks .......
4 He ate ....... fish.
5 There are ....... eggs in the fridge.
6 She’s lost ....... weight.
7 There are ....... monkeys in the zoo.
8 He reads .......
9 My cat sleeps .......
UNIDAD 32
PRONOMBRES REFLEXIVOS
Se usan cuando el
objeto del verbo es el mismo que el sujeto.
I cut myself with a kife. Me corté con un cuchillo.
I dried myself with a towel.
Me sequé con una toalla.
She introduced herself as Paula Johns. Ella se
presentó como Paula Johns.
Como énfasis.
I myself saw him. Yo mismo lo ví.
The chairman himself opened the meeting. El
presidente en persona abrió la reunión.
Como objeto de una preposición
refiriéndose al sujeto.
Kate has a high opinion of herself.
Kate tiene una alta opinión de sí misma.
You should be ashamed of yourself.
Deberías estar avergonzado de tí mismo.
Junto a by conlleva la idea de hacer algo sin la ayuda de nadie más.
I wrote this book by myself.
Escribí
este libro solo.
You must do your homework by yourself. Debes
hacer tus tareas solo.
Ejercicio 1
Determinar a qué
concepto previamente estudiado pertenece cada oración.
objeto = sujeto énfasis
objeto de preposición solo
1 She burned herself on the stove. ..............
2 The man shot himself with a gun. ..............
3 He’ll do it himself. ..............
4 We repaired the car ourselves. ..............
5 John is talking to himself. ..............
6 He tried to kill himself. ..............
7 I’ll make myself a cup of tea. ..............
8 We are confident of ourselves. ..............
9 They prepared themselves for the trip. ..............
10
He never talks about
himself. ..............
11
The dog scratched
itself. ..............
12
The country has
sufficient resources for itself. ..............
13
I washed my clothes by
myself. ..............
14
She made it herself.
..............
15
They did the work
themselves. ..............
16
He often studies by
himself. ..............
17
Sally herself prepared
the dinner. ..............
18
I bought a present for
myself. ..............
19
We bought ourselves a
new car. ..............
20
He’s not here to
defend himself. ..............
21
My sister was singing
to herself. ..............
22
She killed the mice by
herself. ..............
23
He painted the kitchen
by himself. ..............
EACH OTHER – ONE
ANOTHER: describen acciones en las que dos o más personas o cosas hacen algo en
forma recíproca. One another se suele
usar cuando hay más de dos. En esta construcción algunos verbos requieren el
uso de una preposición.
Jane and George love each other.
Jane
y George se aman.
We know each other since we were kids. Nos
conocemos desde que éramos niños.
The team members congratulated one another. Los
miembros del equipo se felicitaron.
Ejercicio 2
Escribir en los
espacios la palabra más adecuada de acuerdo al contexto:
furiously friends hate
phoned one another I
with two at
to each other
1 The boxers pounded each other ........
2 The delinquents beat ....... with sticks.
3 Tom and Jeff ....... each other.
4 We ....... each other every day.
5 My ....... and I see one another every evening.
6 My sister and ....... help each other a lot.
7 The students cooperate ....... one another.
8 We looked ....... each other.
9 We write ....... each other once a month.
10
They gave .......
gifts.
11
They greeted .......
12
The brothers fight
....... each other.
13
Blue and grey don’t go
....... each other.
14
They haven’t spoken to
each other in ....... years.