UNIDAD 37
THERE + BE
Esta construcción en
sus múltiples formas señala la existencia de algo.
There is a letter in the box.
Hay una carta en la caja.
There is a ball in the room.
Hay una pelota en la pieza.
There are four people in my family.
Hay cuatro personas en mi familia.
There are many animals in the zoo.
Hay muchos animales en el zoológico.
There were many dogs in the park.
Había muchos perros en el parque.
There was an accident last night.
Hubo
un accidente anoche.
There has been little change in his condition. Ha habido
poco cambio en su condición.
There have been many earthquakes in Chile. Ha habido
muchos terremotos en Chile.
There had been storms all week.
Había habido tormentas toda la semana.
There won’t be many people at the cinema. No habrá
mucha gente en el cine.
There is going to be a hurricane tomorrow. Va a
haber un huracán mañana.
There are going to be other jobs available. Va a
haber otros trabajos disponibles.
They knew there was going to be a party there. Ellos
sabían que iba a haber una fiesta allí.
Nobody said there were going to be students in the building. Nadie
dijo que iba a haber estudiantes en el edificio.
It’s estimated that there will have been 2000 deaths. Se estima
que habrá habido 2000 muertes.
She told me there would be days like these. Ella me
dijo que habría días como éstos.
There can be only one boss. Puede haber solo un jefe.
There could be a tornado warning.
Podría haber una alerta de tornado.
There may be hope after all.
Puede haber esperanza después de todo.
There might be life on other planets. Podría
haber vida en otros planetas.
There must be an explanation.
Debe
haber una explicación.
There should be more happy people.
Debería haber más personas felices.
There has to be a solution. Tiene que haber una solución.
There had to be a political solution to the crisis. Tenía que
haber una solución política a la crisis.
For every winner there have to be some losers. Por cada
ganador tiene que haber algunos perdedores.
Under these circumstances there would have been more despair. Bajo estas circunstancias habría habido más desesperación.
There could have been an explosion.
Podría haber habido una explosión.
There must have been a divine creation. Debe
haber habido una creación divina.
There should have been enough money in her account. Debería
haber habido suficiente dinero en su cuenta.
There might have been civilizations settled here. Podría
haber habido civilizaciones establecidas aquí.
There has to have been a political manipulation of the process. Tiene que
haber habido una manipulación política del proceso.
There have to have
been other cases previous to this. Tiene que haber habido
otros casos previos a éste.
There had to have been something we didn’t know. Tuvo que
haber habido algo que no sabíamos.
Ejercicio 1
Colocar la traducción
al español de la expresión en negrita:
1 Is there a restaurant near here? ...........................
2 Is there any milk in the fridge? ...........................
3 There are two sides to every story. ...........................
4 There had been violent incidents at the game. ...........................
5 There was a good film on TV last night. ...........................
6 Were there many people at the meeting? ...........................
7 There has to be something wrong. ...........................
8 There must have been dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals here. ...........................
9 There hasn’t been any rain for five months. ...........................
10
We knew there were going to be riots in the
streets. ...........................
11
There is nothing in the box.
...........................
12
There was a train at 10.30. ...........................
13
There had been only one phone call.
...........................
14
It’s raining. There won’t be any picnic today.
...........................
15
There is going to be a meeting to discuss
this. ...........................
16
There had to be an easier way.
...........................
17
There must have been four video cameras
out there. ...........................
18
There are four schools in our town.
...........................
19
There are going to be winners and there are
going to be losers. ...........................
20
There might have been life in the past on
Mars. ...........................
21
They told me there was going to be a press
conference. ...........................
22
By that time there will have been two presidential
elections. ...........................
23
In the future there would be no poor people.
...........................
24
Without water there would be no life.
...........................
25
There should have been students involved in
this ceremony. ...........................
26
There can be a brighter future.
...........................
27
There might be someone in your
bedroom. ...........................
28
There can be miracles when you
believe. ...........................
29
Watch out! There could be a spider in your soup.
...........................
30
There could be several possible
causes. ...........................
31
There may be a museum of Cleopatra
under the sea. ...........................
32
By the end of this
season there will have been 5000
births. ...........................
33
There may be a cure for cancer.
...........................
34
There might be a connection between
cancer and magnetic fields. ...........................
35
There has to have been a reason why this war
began. ...........................
36
Will there be a test on Monday?
...........................
37
There must be somewhere we can go.
...........................
38
There must be an easy solution for
this. ...........................
39
There should be more opportunities
for women to work part-time. ...........................
40
There have to be other planets that
can sustain life. ...........................
41
There had to have been some money in the
bank. ...........................
42
If he had arrived
yesterday, there would have been a
great celebration. ...........................
43
Without the UN there would have been a greater number
of victims. ...........................
44
There could have been more research on the
topic. ...........................
45
There were a lot of books on the
table. ...........................
46
There could have been a better product.
...........................
47
There have been five phone calls for
you today. ...........................
48
There should have been a record of the
investigation. ...........................
49
There had to be a better life.
...........................
50
There might have been a lot of water on
Venus. ...........................
51
There are some knives on the table.
...........................
52
There should be more places for
homeless children. ...........................
53
There have to have been at least four
collisions. ...........................
54
There had to have been another way.
...........................
STILL – ALREADY – YET
STILL: indica que una
situación actual se ha mantenido igual a como estaba en el pasado.
It’s still raining. Aún está lloviendo.
Do you still live in Rome? ¿Aún vives en Roma?
ALREADY: indica que
algo ha sucedido o sucede antes de lo previsto o esperado.
I’ve already told you. Ya te lo he dicho.
He already knows Emma. Él ya conoce a Emma.
Ejercicio 2
Usar still o already según corresponda:
1 Do you ....... smoke?
2 We have ....... signed the contract.
3 When I arrived Sally was ....... there.
4 She’s ....... waiting for you.
5 When he phones, tell him I’ve ....... left.
6 I’m ....... looking for a job.
7 She has ....... done her homework.
8 Most people have ....... gone.
9 It’s not finished. I’m ....... working on it.
10
Has John arrived
.......?
11
Tom has .......
cleaned his teeth.
YET: se usa en
oraciones negativas para mostrar que algo no ha sucedido hasta el tiempo
presente.
They haven’t met him yet. Ellos no lo han conocido aún.
Have you done your homework? Not yet.
¿Has hecho tu tarea? No todavía.
It’s two o’clock and the meeting hasn’t finished yet. Son las
dos y la reunión no ha terminado aún.
Se usa en oraciones
interrogativas para mostrar que algo se espera que ocurra.
Are my shirts washed yet? ¿Ya están mis camisas lavadas?
Have you talked to Peter yet?
¿Ya has hablado con Peter?
Ejercicio 3
Usar still o yet según corresponda:
1 Sally’s ....... in love with John.
2 Are you ....... here?
3 I haven’t spoken to him about it ........
4 Are you ready to go .......?
5 There are places where slavery is ....... common.
6 Have you read that book .......?
7 Have you finished your work .......?
8 Why do the public ....... support him?
9 Don’t go out ........ Wait until the rain stops.
10
There are those who
....... believe that the medical staff were killing the patients.
11
Have you made your bed
.......?
12
Do you ....... keep in
touch with your high school friends?
13
I haven’t eaten ........
14
Many of the words we
....... use every day come from Old English.
15
The thief hasn’t been
arrested ........
16
It hasn’t stopped
raining ........
17
The bus hasn’t come
........
18
Have you bought a
ticket .......?
19
Have you had lunch
.......?
20
Do you ....... create
visual art?
UNIDAD 38
EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO
II
ONCE: una vez que.
Once you arrive in town, give me a call. Una vez
que llegues a la cuidad, llámame.
Once you have tested the audio system, you’re ready to use it. Una vez
que hayas testeado el sistema de audio, estás listo para usarlo.
UNTIL: se usa para
hablar del proceso de una acción y el momento en que termina.
Wait here until I come back.
Espera aquí hasta que vuelva.
We lived in Canada until 1993.
Vivimos
en Canadá hasta 1993.
AGO: hace referencia a
una situación del pasado tomando en cuenta el punto de vista del momento
presente.
I met her three days ago. La conocí hace tres días.
She was here ten minutes ago.
Ella estaba aquí hace diez minutos.
SOON: en o dentro de
un corto tiempo.
The report will be ready soon.
El reporte estará listo pronto.
My nephew soon became bored with the new toys. Mi
sobrino pronto se aburrió con los nuevos juguetes.
EARLY: indica que un
suceso ocurre cerca del comienzo de un período de tiempo o antes de lo usual o
esperado.
She had to leave early. Ella se tuvo que ir temprano.
I think I’ll go to bed early.
Creo que me acostaré temprano.
Ejercicio 1
Completar con until, ago, early,
soon o once según corresponda:
1 ....... you’ve started the program, follow the tutor’s instructions.
2 We lived in Paris ....... I was five.
3 I had dinner an hour ........
4 He’ll be away ....... next Monday.
5 Let’s go home ........
6 ....... you’re registered, you can join any message board.
7 Don’t go out ....... you’ve finished your work.
8 My uncle started to play golf two years ........
9 I finished the report twenty minutes ........
10
I’ll be writing to you
........
11
We were at the cinema
two hours ........
12
He stayed in bed
....... eleven.
13
Today I arrived at
work ........
14
....... you’ve
finished the task, discuss how you might improve it.
15
I stayed up .......
midnight.
16