UNIDAD 39
EXPRESIONES DE
SIMILITUD Y DIFERENCIA
SIMILAR: se utiliza en
una comparación en la cual una cosa es casi, pero no igual a otra.
My brother and I have similar personalities. Mi
hermano y yo tenemos personalidades similares.
The two situations were extraordinarily similar. Las dos
situaciones eran extraordinariamente similares.
OTHER: se usa con
sustantivos plurales y singulares para hablar del segundo elemento de dos cosas
o personas; de un ítem distinto o adicional al ya mencionado; o de la persona o
cosa que queda de un grupo.
We don’t have any other choice.
No tenemos ninguna otra alternativa.
Close one eye and then the other.
Cierra un ojo y luego el otro.
Ejercicio 1
Completar con similar u other donde corresponda.
1 Mice are genetically ....... to humans.
2 The ....... man is still waiting.
3 New Zealand is ....... in size to Japan.
4 A synonym is a word that has a ....... meaning to another word.
5 The bank is on the ....... side of the street.
6 His health is weaker than most children of ....... age.
7 They cooperated because they shared ....... goals.
8 There are ....... jobs you could try.
9 Where are the ....... boys?
10
Have you got .......
English books?
DIFFERENT: indica que
dos o más cosas, personas o situaciones no son las mismas.
Your house looks different. Tu casa luce diferente.
She has done many different jobs.
Ella ha hecho muchos diferentes trabajos.
There are many different types of turtles. Hay
muchos tipos diferentes de tortugas.
ANOTHER: se usa con un
sustantivo singular para hablar de un elemento distinto o adicional.
I need to find another job. Necesito encontrar otro trabajo.
Who wants another
ice-cream? ¿Quién quiere otro helado?
Ejercicio 2
Usar different o another donde corresponda:
1 She has written ....... novel.
2 Canada is very ....... from Ethiopia.
3 She wears a ....... pair of shoes every day.
4 I’d like ....... cup of coffee, please.
5 Jane is completely ....... from her mother.
6 He paints a ....... picture every day.
7 The first time I met my wife everything was new and ........
8 Is there ....... way to get to your house?
9 I think we were temperamentally ........
10
Paul’s been
transferred to ....... department.
11
Mr. Smith was
certainly ....... from other people.
12
Children can learn to
read in ....... ways.
13
It won’t be easy to
find ....... secretary.
14
He has left her for
....... girl.
OTHER THAN: indica que
se pueden considerar o que hay otros elementos diferentes a los nombrados.
We provide information in languages other than English. Entregamos
información en idiomas distintos del inglés.
I work in a hospice that accept patients with diseases other than cancer. Trabajo
en un hospicio que acepta pacientes con enfermedades distintas del cáncer.
SAME: indica que una
cosa, persona o situación no es diferente a otra o que posee las mismas
características que otra.
My car is the same colour as yours.
Mi auto es del mismo color que el tuyo.
They treat all their children the same. Ellos
tratan a todos sus niños igual.
He was frustrated and happy at the same time. Él estaba
frustrado y feliz al mismo tiempo.
Ejercicio 3
Usar other than o same donde corresponda:
1 After a while we saw the ....... person on the bridge.
2 There are several options for pets ....... cats and dogs.
3 We are working with cells from species ....... human and rat.
4 Do any animals ....... bats sleep upside down?
5 I guess you should say the ....... about Peter.
6 Pets ....... dogs may be accepted in the hotel.
7 We will not accept anyone ....... Tom or Paul as our leader.
8 You can lose fat and gain muscle at the ....... time.
9 Did humans and dinosaurs live at the ....... time?
10
Politicians always say
the ....... old things.
11
All the houses looked
exactly the ........
12
Tom lives on the
....... street as Louise.
13
They fought for the
....... reason they fought in previous wars.
14
Susan is the .......
age as Lisa.
ONLY: indica que algo
es único en una determinada clase; que no existen otros en el contexto en que
se habla; que está acotado únicamente a los elementos a los cuales se refiere.
I am her only true friend. Soy su único amigo verdadero.
His only purpose is to help people.
Su único propósito es ayudar a la gente.
Indica que algo está
restringido a la situación dada.
I can only speak Spanish. Solo puedo hablar
español.
They only think about themselves.
Ellos solo piensan en sí mismos.
ELSE: se refiere a una
persona o cosa distinta, diferente o adicional a la ya nombrada.
They have nothing else to say.
Ellos no tienen nada más que decir.
Who else is coming to the party?
¿Quién más viene a la fiesta?
Ejercicio 4
Usar only o else donde corresponda:
1 What ....... did you buy?
2 You are the ....... person who will understand.
3 It’s the ....... option I have.
4 That’s the ....... hotel in town.
5 That’s Peter’s car, but somebody ....... is driving it.
6 This is my ....... dog.
7 I was against the idea, but everybody ....... was in favour.
8
She’s my ....... hope.
9 My house has ....... one floor.
10
Let’s go somewhere
....... .
11
Her baby is .......
one week old.
12
....... my uncle
enjoyed the film.
13
It didn’t take very
long. It ....... took half an hour.
14
We won’t go anywhere
....... .
15
She ....... has one
new dress.
16
What ....... could I
do?
17
These shoes cost
....... $50.
18
She ....... had one
child.
19
....... you could do
that, nobody ....... could.
20
Is there anything
....... you would like?
JUST: solo, simplemente.
It was just a joke. Fue solo una broma.
I want just a few apples. Quiero solo unas pocas manzanas
Ejercicio 5
Escribir en los
espacios la palabra más adecuada de acuerdo al contexto:
just anything wait
1 These guys were professionals. I was ....... a rookie.
2 He didn’t do ......., he just sat there.
3 Could you ....... just a minute?
4 This country has a small population, ....... 2 million.
UNIDAD 40
PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS
WHO: se utiliza para referirse a la persona mencionada o para agregar
información acerca de ésta.
The boy who broke the window ran away. El niño
que rompió la ventana huyó.
The people who work in the office are very friendly. Las
personas que trabajan en la oficina son muy amistosas.
WHICH: se utiliza para
referirse a las cosas mencionadas o para agregar información acerca de estas
cosas.
The house which is next to ours is for sale. La casa
que está junto a la nuestra está en venta.
She broke a cup which was very expensive. Ella
rompió una taza que era muy cara.
WHOSE: se refiere a
algo o alguien perteneciente o relacionado con una persona.
I’ve got a friend whose parrot can talk. Tengo un
amigo cuyo loro puede hablar.
He is the boy whose bicycle was stolen. Él es el
niño cuya bicicleta fue robada.
Ejercicio 1
Completar con who, which o whose según corresponda:
1 My sister ....... is a nurse moved to Australia.
2 It’s a painting ....... I came across in an antique shop.
3 The man ....... lives next door is always making noise.
4 Jim, ....... mother is French, has gone to live in Paris.
5 I’ve got a friend ....... is ill.
6 I don’t like people ....... never stop talking.
7 I met a rich man ....... daughter is crippled.
8 This is the parcel ....... arrived yesterday.
9 Have you got a computer ....... I can borrow?
10
That’s the man .......
wife works in my office.
11
That is the doctor
....... came last week.
12
Where is the painting
....... was on the wall?
13
I know a woman .......
husband speaks five languages.
14
Do you know a pub
....... sells cheap beer?
15
The boy ....... father
was a teacher, knew all the answers.
THAT: se utiliza para
referirse o para agregar información acerca de las cosas o personas
mencionadas.
I’ve lost the CD that you gave me.
He perdido el CD que me diste.
I didn’t believe the story that he told us. No creí
la historia que nos contó.
WHERE: relativo a un
lugar.
The hotel where we stayed was very good. El hotel
donde nos quedamos era muy bueno.
The building where I live was built in 1950. El
edificio donde yo vivo fue construido en 1950.
WHEN: cuando es
utilizado en oraciones afirmativas se refiere al momento en que ocurre algo.
I remember the day when we met.
Recuerdo el día cuando nos conocimos.
This is the date when the product was manufactured. Esta es
la fecha cuando el producto fue manufacturado.
WHAT: conlleva el significado de the thing that.
We didn’t see what happened.
No vimos lo que pasó.
I don’t believe what I’m hearing.
No creo lo que estoy escuchando.
Ejercicio 2
Completar con that, where, when
o what según corresponda:
1 Did you find the watch ....... you lost?
2 Do you know a shop ....... I can buy a computer?
3 We went to a restaurant ....... Jim had recommended to us.
4 I don’t understand a word of ....... you say.
5 The people ....... they invited to the party didn’t come.
6 No matter ....... he does, they will not accept him in the group.
7 She is the nurse ....... arrived late.
8 The police haven’t found the person ....... killed my friend.
9 There is a gym near here ....... you can keep fit.
10
The school ....... I
teach is called “Los Andes”.
11
You shouldn’t take
....... she says seriously.
12
The building .......
they work is new.
13
I liked the novel
....... you wrote.
14
He arrived at the
moment ....... we were speaking of him.
15
That’s the girl
....... I met at Susan’s party.
16
The man ....... phoned
didn’t say his name.
17
It happened the day
....... I lost my watch.
18
I used to live in New
York ....... I was born.
19
Do you remember the
time ....... you were a little kid?
20
I don’t remember
....... he said.
21
Are they doing .......
they want to do?