UNIDAD 41
CONDICIONAL
La construcción if + presente
simple + presente simple, se usa para hablar de verdades generales.
If you don’t eat, you die. Si tú no comes, mueres.
If you heat ice, it smelts. Si tú calientas el hielo, se derrite.
Ejercicio 1
Unir cada oración con
su correspondiente complemento.
|
1
Do you mind |
A
if you throw it into
a lake. |
|
2
If you mix red and
blue, |
B
if you press this
button. |
|
3
A stone sinks |
C
if I smoke? |
|
4
The TV set turns on |
D
you get purple. |
La construcción if + presente
simple + will expresa la posibilidad de que algo ocurra si se presenta
determinada situación.
If we don’t hurry, we’ll miss the train. Si no nos
apuramos perderemos el tren.
You’ll be tired tomorrow if you don’t go to bed soon. Estarás
cansado mañana si no te acuestas pronto.
Ejercicio 2
Unir cada oración con
su correspondiente complemento.
|
5
If it’s sunny, |
E
if you take this
pill. |
|
6
If you study hard, |
F
you will pass the
test. |
|
7
You’ll feel much
better |
G
the match will be
cancelled. |
|
8
If it rains, |
H
we’ll go to the
park. |
|
9
If she cuts her
hair, |
I
she will look
completely different. |
La construcción if + pasado
simple/continuo + would expresa una situación imaginaria.
If I were you, I wouldn’t do it.
Si yo fuera tú, no haría eso.
I would visit her, if I had time.
La visitaría si tuviera tiempo.
Ejercicio 3
Unir cada oración con
su correspondiente complemento.
|
10 If I had a million dollars, |
J
we would go to the
park. |
|
11 If you practised your English, |
K
I would buy a big
house. |
|
12 If she wasn’t living with her parents, |
L
you would soon speak
it very well. |
|
13 If we were in Brasil, |
M
she would be living
with Tom. |
|
14 If her hair were black, |
N
she would look
completely different. |
|
15 If the weather were better, |
O
we would be on the
beach. |
|
16 If I were you, |
P
I would drive more
carefully in the rain. |
La construcción if + pasado
perfecto + could/would have + participio indica una situación hipotética en el
pasado del tipo ‘que habría ocurrido si’.
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. Si
hubiera estudiado más duro, habría pasado el examen.
If he hadn’t been ill, he would have gone to the concert. Si él no
hubiera estado enfermo, habría ido al concierto.
Ejercicio 4
Unir cada oración con
su correspondiente complemento.
|
17 If you had driven carefully, |
Q
I would never have
gone to the university. |
|
18 If you had saved your money, |
R
she would have been
working in Paris. |
|
19 I could have phoned Sally, |
S
you could have
bought a computer. |
|
20 If it hadn’t been for my parents, |
T
if I hadn’t lost her
number. |
|
21 I would have helped you, |
U
if you had told me
there was a problem. |
|
22 If she hadn’t got a job in London, |
V
you wouldn’t have
had an accident. |
|
23 If I had known you were in the hospital, |
W
I would have visited
you. |
UNIDAD 42
VOZ PASIVA
Se usa cuando el
agente no es conocido o se deja de lado porque no es importante o es difícil
determinarlo. La voz pasiva se forma con el verbo to be + participio.
Presente simple:
They clean the windows every day.
Ellos limpian las ventanas todos los
días.
The windows are
cleaned every day. Las ventanas son limpiadas todos los días.
Presente continuo:
They are repairing the road.
Ellos están reparando el camino.
The road is being repaired. El camino está siendo reparado.
Presente perfecto:
The explorers have found a treasure. Los
exploradores han encontrado un tesoro.
A treasure has been found by the explorers. Un tesoro
ha sido encontrado por los exploradores.
Pasado simple:
They built this church ten years ago. Ellos
construyeron esta iglesia hace diez años.
This church was built ten years ago. Esta
iglesia fue construida hace diez años.
Pasado continuo:
They were painting the house when I arrived. Ellos
estaban pintando la casa cuando llegué.
The house was being painted when I arrived. La casa
estaba siendo pintada cuando llegué.
Pasado perfecto:
He had helped her. Él la había ayudado.
She had been helped by him. Ella había sido ayudada por él.
Futuro simple:
We will finish the project tomorrow. Terminaremos el proyecto mañana.
The project will be finished tomorrow. El
proyecto será terminado mañana.
Futuro perfecto:
They will have sold a lot of properties. Ellos
habrán vendido muchas propiedades.
A lot of properties will have been sold by them. Muchas propiedades habrán sido vendidas por ellos.
Ejercicio 1
Transformar las
siguientes oraciones activas en pasivas:
1 They make shoes in that factory. ...........................
2 They make paper from wood. ...........................
3 They fed the dog at 5.00. ...........................
4 They clean the carpets once a month. ...........................
5 The cashier is counting the money. ...........................
6 The police are looking for the murderer. ...........................
7 They are building a new church. ...........................
8 Is someone attending to you? ...........................
9 The boys are mowing the lawn. ...........................
10
Many tourists have
visited that castle. ...........................
11
Someone has stolen my
ring. ...........................
12
Someone has sold the
house. ...........................
13
My neighbour has
watered the garden. ...........................
14
Shakespeare wrote
Hamlet. ...........................
15
The police arrested
ten people. ...........................
16
They sent me a book.
...........................
17
They founded the
company in 1985. ...........................
18
They were cooking
dinner when I arrived. ...........................
19
They were cleaning the
hotel room. ...........................
20
They were redecorating
his office. ...........................
21
They were repairing
the streets. ...........................
22
Someone had solved the
problem. ...........................
23
They had offered him a
discount. ...........................
24
He had washed the
dishes. ...........................
25
The thief had spent
the money. ...........................
26
The magazine will
publish his work. ...........................
27
My mother will clean
the room tomorrow. ...........................
28
We will carry the
luggage upstairs. ...........................
29
The guide will show
you the museum. ...........................
30
Mr. Smith will have
played that role. ...........................
31
By the end of the year
they will have repaired 500 bicycles. ...........................
32
She will have cleaned
the kitchen. ...........................
33
He will have painted
the bedroom. ...........................
Otra forma de crear
una oración pasiva es usando it + be + participio.
It is said that he is a good teacher. Se dice
que él es un buen profesor.
It was agreed that the strike would end tomorrow. Se acordó
que la huelga terminaría mañana.
It was decided that the building would be demolished. Se
decidió que el edificio sería demolido.
Ejercicio 2
Usar el verbo dado
para crear oraciones pasivas del tipo it + be + participio:
1 .............. that the committee would review this issue. (agree, pasado)
2 .............. that the work will be completed by next week. (hope)
3 .............. that five civilians were killed. (report)
4 .............. that time heals all wounds. (say)
5 .............. that the war is over. (believe)
6 .............. that television will rot your mind. (say)
7 .............. that the next convention should be held in Berlin. (decide)
8 .............. that we are all crazy. (believe)
9 .............. to celebrate his 50th birthday. (decide)
10
.............. that
ten million people suffer from asthma.
(report)
11
.............. that
the next edition of the magazine should include a questionnaire. (agree,
pasado)
12
.............. that
twenty people died in the explosion.
(report)
13
.............. that
this event will be well supported. (hope)
14
.............. that
the men escaped through a broken window.
(believe)