UNIDAD 45
INTENSIFICADORES / ÉNFASIS
TOO: más de lo
necesario o requerido o adecuado; muy o completamente.
I’m too tired. Estoy muy
cansado.
He talks too quickly. Él habla
demasiado rápido.
You make too many mistakes. Cometes demasiados errores.
Ejercicio 1
Reescribir las
oraciones y colocar too donde
corresponda:
1 These shoes are big for me. ...........................
2 I don’t want to walk home. It’s far. ...........................
3 I can’t buy that house. It’s expensive. ...........................
4 You drink much coffee. ...........................
5 This shirt costs much. ...........................
6 They drink much alcohol. ...........................
7 She put much salt in the soup. ...........................
8 You ate much at lunchtime. ...........................
9 There are many people here. ...........................
10
She has many worries.
...........................
11
Please, turn the radio
down. It’s
loud. ...........................
QUITE: un poco o mucho
pero no completamente. Tiene este significado cuando va unido a gradable adjectives, adjetivos que pueden
tener distinciones de grado, por ej.: angry,
common, young.
The answer is quite simple. La respuesta es muy simple.
His novels are quite popular.
Sus novelas son muy populares.
Completamente. Tiene
este significado cuando va unido a ungradable adjectives, adjetivos que ya poseen la característica en
su grado más alto, por ej.: huge,
impossible, invaluable.
You’re quite wrong. Estás
completamente equivocado.
She was quite alone. Ella
estaba completamente sola.
Ejercicio 2
Reescribir las
oraciones y colocar quite donde
corresponda:
1 He is rich. ...........................
2 I’m satisfied with the decision. ...........................
3 I’m good at languages. ...........................
4 I got up early. ...........................
5 I feel lonely. ...........................
6 He speaks English well. ...........................
7 I’m sure. ...........................
8 The former boss was different. ...........................
9 I was terrified by the film. ...........................
ENOUGH: lo necesario o
mínimo adecuado para una determinada situación. Se coloca antes del sustantivo
y después del adjetivo y adverbio.
You didn’t pay enough attention.
No
pusiste suficiente atención.
Is there enough sugar in your coffee? ¿Hay
suficiente azúcar en tu café?
Is the coffee hot enough? ¿Está el café suficientemente caliente?
That coat isn’t long enough.
Ese abrigo no es suficientemente largo.
VERY: expresa un grado
alto de una cualidad.
This knife is very sharp. Este cuchillo es muy afilado.
She’s not very happy today. Ella no está muy feliz hoy.
Ejercicio 3
Usar enough o very donde corresponda:
1 I haven’t got ....... money to buy a car.
2 Your children are ....... good.
3 There’s ....... food for everyone.
4 The sea was ....... rough.
5 Are there ....... glasses for everyone?
6 There’s ....... bread for lunch.
7 My bed isn’t ....... comfortable.
8 He didn’t work hard ........
9 I don’t play the piano ....... well.
10
This house isn’t big
....... for a large family.
11
I’m not rich ........
12
He’s failed the exam
three times, he’s obviously not clever ........
13
I couldn’t run fast
....... to catch the train.
14
The weather was
....... bad yesterday.
SO: hasta un
determinado punto; a un mayor grado.
You’ve been so kind to me. Has sido muy amable conmigo.
Jack earns so much money. Jack gana mucho dinero.
SUCH: agrega énfasis.
Se usa en el modelo such + adjetivo + sustantivo. Cuando va junto con un
sustantivo singular se debe poner a
delante del adjetivo.
Julia has such a big house. Julia tiene una casa tan grande.
This is such an interesting book.
Este es un libro tan interesante.
Ejercicio 4
Usar so o such
donde corresponda.
1 Why did you buy ....... an expensive car?
2 She is ....... a lovely woman.
3 I never knew you had ....... many brothers.
4 This book is ....... interesting.
5 He is ....... a fantastic guitarist.
6 He is ....... an intelligent boy.
7 He is ....... funny. He always makes me laugh.
8 Don’t speak ....... loud. I’m not deaf.
9 That dress is ....... colourful.
10
It’s ....... a nice
day today.
11
They’re ....... good
friends.
12
How can you say
....... horrible things to me?
13
He played .......
badly in today’s match.
14
She has .......
beautiful eyes.
15
Thank you for .......
brilliant ideas.
16
It was a pleasure to
meet ....... interesting people.
17
I have gained .......
much weight lately.
18
He is ....... an
idiot.
19
She has ....... a
marvellous voice.
20
There isn’t .......
much work to do this week.
21
They have ....... many
things to do.
22
Please don’t make
....... much noise.
EVEN: muestra que algo
es sorprendente, inusual o inesperado.
I don’t even know where she is.
Ni siquiera sé dónde está.
Even I know how to pronounce his name. Incluso
yo sé cómo pronunciar su nombre.
Even a child could do that, it’s so simple. Incluso
un niño podría hacer eso, es muy simple.
Enfatiza una comparación.
Spyware is even worse than spam.
El spyware es incluso peor que el spam.
His future is even brighter than his past. Su futuro
es aún más brillante que su pasado.
AT ALL: agrega énfasis
a las oraciones negativas.
That old radio doesn’t work at all.
Esa vieja radio no funciona en lo
absoluto.
They won, but the result wasn’t at all surprising. Ellos
ganaron, pero el resultado no fue para nada sorprendente.
Ejercicio 5
Usar at all o even donde corresponda:
1 These shoes don’t fit me ........
2 He couldn’t ....... spell my name.
3 ....... Emma can speak Spanish.
4 He has a severe heart condition and shouldn’t be smoking ........
5 I always get up early. I ....... get up early on Sundays.
6 They are poor. They should pay no tax ........
7 I didn’t like the movie ........
8 John has amnesia. He can’t ....... remember his own name.
9 He refused ....... to say hello. He’s so arrogant!
10
He’s so stubborn. He
declined ....... to consider the idea.
11
I couldn’t move
........
12
It really hasn’t
affected them ........
13
I ....... drink coffee
on hot days.
14
The neighbours here
are friendly and the policemen are ....... friendlier.
15
I don’t think he’s
arrogant ........
16
He is a good actor and
he is an ....... better storyteller.
17
Venus is .......
brighter than Jupiter.
18
Study: “Americans
fatter than ever and getting ....... fatter”.
19
I don’t understand
that ........
20
My first night there
wasn’t pleasant ........
21
Smoking is bad for
your health, but this report shows that it’s ....... worse.
UNIDAD 46
WHAT EXCLAMATIVO
presenta la opinión
del hablante con un sentido de asombro. Se debe usar a delante de sustantivos contables en singular.
What a surprise! ¡Qué
sorpresa!
What a coincidence! ¡Qué
coincidencia!
What fantastic news! ¡Qué
fantásticas noticias!
Ejercicio 1
Completar con what o what a según corresponda:
1
....... beautiful girl!
2
....... weather we’re having!
3 ....... horrible face!
4 ....... strange clothes he was wearing!
5 ....... nonsense!
6 ....... noise!
7 ....... amazing scenery!
8 ....... nice day!
9 ....... shame!
10
....... mess!
11
....... exciting film!
DO y MAKE
Ambos verbos
significan hacer, sin embargo ambos se utilizan en contextos diferentes. Las
siguientes definiciones corresponden a una guía genérica de uso, ya que en
ciertos casos es mejor memorizar cuándo se utiliza cada uno:
Do: se usa para hablar
de actividades genéricas o indefinidas.
Make: se emplea para
referirse a la construcción o creación de algo concreto.
What can I do for you? ¿Qué puedo hacer por usted?
The storm did a lot of damage.
La tormenta hizo mucho daño.
Hurry up and make a decision.
Apúrate y toma una decisión.
I’ve made all the arrangements.
He hecho todos los arreglos.
Ejercicio 2
Completar las
oraciones con make o do:
1 Are you ....... anything?
2 We have to ....... some changes here.
3 She ....... a good job. (verbo
en pasado)
4 I have to ....... a phone call.
5 I usually ....... the ironing in the mornings.
6 This company ....... men’s clothes.
7 I’ll ....... the shopping after work.
8 She ....... coffee for me. (verbo
en pasado)
9 The students are ....... too much noise.
10
Do you like this
scarf? I ....... it myself. (verbo
en pasado)
11
They ....... a long
journey. (verbo en pasado)
12
He ....... his
homework yesterday. (verbo en pasado)
13
Sorry, I ....... a
mistake. (verbo en pasado)
14
Could you ....... me a
favour?
15
She ....... the
cooking while I’m watching TV.
16
She ....... me happy.
17
My sister ....... the
beds this morning.