UNIDAD 47
QUESTION TAGS
Es una frase que se
coloca al final de una oración y cuya función es confirmar o chequear la
información que se entrega. Se forma utilizando el mismo sujeto de la oración
principal y el mismo verbo (to be, to
have, modal) o el auxiliar do
para el resto de verbos; las expresiones there
is, let’s y las oraciones imperativas forman las question tags con isn’t
there, shall we y will you
respectivamente. Las oraciones afirmativas tienen un tag negativo y viceversa.
You know her, don’t you? Tú la conoces,
¿cierto?
They are our neighbours, aren’t they? Ellos son
nuestros vecinos, ¿cierto?
You haven’t eaten yet, have you?
Tu no has comido aún, ¿cierto?
She can’t dance, can she? Ella no puede bailar, ¿cierto?
Let’s go to the theatre tonight, shall we? Vamos al
teatro esta noche, ¿ya?
Close the door, will you? Cierra la puerta, ¿ya?
There’s some milk in the fridge, isn’t there? Hay leche
en el refrigerador, ¿cierto?
Ejercicio 1
Colocar el tag correspondiente a cada una de las siguientes preguntas:
1 He didn’t eat anything, ..............
2 He speaks three languages, ..............
3 She bought a car, ..............
4 There weren’t a lot of books on the table, ..............
5 They shouldn’t waste food, ..............
6 You live here, ..............
7 They buy used books, ..............
8 I’m always right, ..............
9 She lived in this house, ..............
10
They should be more
careful, ..............
11
She doesn’t eat meat,
..............
12
You don’t know her,
..............
13
You don’t live here,
..............
14
They could do it,
..............
15
She doesn’t talk too
much, ..............
16
He doesn’t like fish,
..............
17
You don’t miss me,
..............
18
They never play
football, ..............
19
She didn’t buy a car,
..............
20
We should drive
carefully, ..............
21
There isn’t anything
in the fridge, ..............
22
She didn’t live in
this house, ..............
23
You can dance,
..............
24
John didn’t know the
answer, ..............
25
They didn’t go to
school, ..............
26
Sarah is sick,
..............
27
You miss me,
..............
28
She is from France,
..............
29
She eats meat,
..............
30
Nobody knows what you
think, ..............
31
Peter was here,
..............
32
He broke the window,
..............
33
They haven’t found it,
..............
34
You are the boss,
..............
35
You were swimming in
the river, ..............
36
They aren’t our
neighbours, ..............
37
The river isn’t deep,
..............
38
Nothing was broken,
..............
39
Nothing matters
anymore, ..............
40
It wasn’t very
difficult, ..............
41
He would be a good
athlete, ..............
42
Peter wasn’t here, ..............
43
You are not the boss,
..............
44
She is not a
secretary, ..............
45
He is not a doctor,
..............
46
They were not swimming
in the river, ..............
47
He has been to Italy
twice, ..............
48
Your parents went to
the cinema, ..............
49
You wouldn’t hurt me,
..............
50
They have found it,
..............
51
It might not happen,
..............
52
She’s got a camera,
..............
53
Susan studied biology,
..............
54
He will be at the
party, ..............
55
The movie was boring,
..............
56
George has long hair,
..............
57
They had finished,
..............
58
You haven’t been to
France, ..............
59
Susan didn’t study
biology, ..............
60
He hasn’t got a
motorbike, ..............
61
Life is hard
sometimes, ..............
62
You can swim,
..............
63
She will call you
tomorrow, ..............
64
George hasn’t got long
hair, ..............
65
He told you the truth,
..............
66
He could find a job,
..............
67
She hasn’t got blue
eyes, ..............
68
She hasn’t got any
children, ..............
69
She must be ill,
..............
70
Tom must be at home,
..............
71
He has gone home,
..............
72
She would come
tomorrow, ..............
73
He might come,
..............
74
Let’s go out,
..............
75
Let’s take a break,
..............
76
Everybody was at home,
..............
77
Everybody likes a good
film, ..............
78
Everything is fine,
..............
79
Everything changes,
..............
80
Somebody went into the
house, ..............
81
Somebody called me,
..............
82
Something is wrong,
..............
83
George won’t be at the
party, ..............
84
Open the window,
..............
85
Pay attention,
..............
86
We mustn’t eat junk
food, ..............
87
They couldn’t do it,
..............
88
Nobody could answer
that question, ..............
UNIDAD 48
ESTILO INDIRECTO
Se utiliza para
informar a alguien de una situación indirectamente, es decir, en un momento y
un contexto distinto del original. Para ello se utilizan verbos como say, tell, explain, etc. En su
construcción se deben adecuar los tiempos verbales y algunas expresiones de
tiempo.
A continuación se
presenta un resumen con los cambios requeridos por el estilo indirecto:
can > could
could > could
may > might
might > might
must > must
must > had to (conclusion)
should > should
will > would
would > would
now > then
today > that day
tomorrow > the following day
this morning > that morning
these days > those days
next week > the following week
last year > the year before
a week ago > a week before
here > there
presente simple > pasado
simple
presente continuo > pasado
continuo
presente perfecto
simple > pasado perfecto simple
presente perfecto
continuo > pasado perfecto continuo
pasado simple > pasado
perfecto
pasado continuo > pasado
perfecto continuo
pasado perfecto > pasado
perfecto
pasado perfecto
continuo > pasado perfecto continuo
Presente simple:
Your books are here on the table.
Tus libros están aquí sobre la mesa.
She told him that his books were there on the table. Ella le
dijo que sus libros estaban allí sobre la mesa.
I clean my car every day. Limpio mi auto todos los días.
He said that he cleaned his car every day. Él dijo
que limpiaba su auto todos los días.
Presente continuo:
I’m going to play tennis today.
Voy a jugar tenis hoy.
She said that she was going to play tennis that day. Ella dijo
que iba a jugar tenis ese día.
I’m working. Estoy trabajando.
He told me that he was working.
Él me dijo que estaba trabajando.
Presente perfecto:
I’ve finished my homework. He terminado mi tarea.
He told me that he had finished her homework. Él me
dijo que había terminado su tarea.
Tom has studied French and German.
Tom ha estudiado francés y alemán.
She said to me that Tom had studied French and German. Ella me
dijo que Tom había estudiado francés y alemán.
Presente perfecto continuo:
We have been waiting for hours.
Hemos estado esperando por horas.
They complained that they had been waiting for hours. Ellos se
quejaron de que habían estado esperando por horas.
I’ve been working on this report since 9.00. He estado
trabajando en este reporte desde las 9.00.
He mentioned that he had been working on that report since 9.00. Él
mencionó que había estado trabajando en ese reporte desde las 9.00.
Pasado simple:
I saw Peter today. Vi a Peter hoy.
She said that she had seen Peter that day. Ella dijo
que había visto a Peter ese día.
I bought it three years ago.
Lo compré hace tres años.
She explained that she had bought it three years before. Ella
explicó que lo había comprado tres años antes.
Pasado continuo:
I was studying at the library.
Estaba estudiando en la biblioteca.
He said that he had been studying at the library. Él dijo
que había estado estudiando en la biblioteca.
I was painting the wall. Estaba pintando la
muralla.
He said that he had been painting the wall. Él dijo
que había estado pintando la muralla.
Pasado perfecto:
The meeting had already started when he arrived. La
reunión ya había comenzado cuando el llegó.
She said that the meeting had already started when he arrived. Ella dijo que la reunión ya había comenzado cuando el
llegó.
Pasado perfecto
continuo:
He had been swimming. Él había
estado nadando.
He said that he had been swimming.
Él dijo que él había estado nadando.
Futuro simple:
I’ll call you tomorrow. Te llamaré mañana.
He promised that he would call me the next day. Él
prometió que me llamaría al día siguiente.
I’ll never sell my house. Nunca venderé mi casa.
She said that she would never sell her house. Ella dijo
que nunca vendería su casa.
Futuro continuo:
I will be visiting my family in France. Estaré
visitando a mi familia en Francia.
She said she would be visiting her family in France. Ella dijo
que estaría visitando a su familia en Francia.
He will be studying at the library tomorrow. Estaré
estudiando en la biblioteca mañana.
He said that he would be studying at the library the next day. Él dijo
que estaría estudiando en la biblioteca el día siguiente.
Imperativo:
Don’t worry about it. No te preocupes por eso.
His father told Jane not to worry about it. Su padre
le dijo a Jane que no se preocupara por eso.
Stay away from me. Aléjate de mí.
He warned me to stay away from him.
Él me advirtió que me alejara de él.
Interrogación:
Do you like my new dress? ¿Te gusta mi nuevo vestido?
She asked Richard if he liked her new dress. Ella le
preguntó a Richard si a él le gustaba su nuevo vestido.
Is it raining? ¿Está lloviendo?
He asked if it was raining. Él preguntó si estaba lloviendo.
Modales:
May I smoke? ¿Puedo fumar?
He asked if he might smoke. Él preguntó si podía fumar.
I can’t play the violin. No puedo tocar el violín.
She said that she couldn’t play the violin. Ella dijo
que no podía tocar el violín.
You must leave at once. Debes irte de
inmediato.
He said I had to leave at once.
Él dijo que tenía que irme de inmediato.
Ejercicio 1
Transformar las
oraciones en indirectas:
1 George doesn’t like cats. She said that ...........................
2 I like wine. Mary said that ...........................
3 I’m married. My girlfriend told me that ...........................
4 I always drink coffee. She said that she ...........................
5 I love chocolate. She said that ...........................
6 Sarah is ill. He said that ...........................
7 It’s not possible to see Mr. Smith today. She explained that ...........................
8 I’m reading a book. My brother told me ...........................
9 I’m having a party next weekend. He said that
...........................
10
I’m staying with my
parents this week. He said that ...........................
11
He’s wearing a red
hat. She told me that ...........................
12