UNIDAD 55
WOULD RATHER: esta
expresión establece la preferencia de hacer una cosa en vez de otra.
I’d rather not talk about it.
Preferiría no hablar de eso.
I’d rather you didn’t go with them.
Preferiría que tú no fueras con ellos.
Ejercicio 1
Unir cada oración con
su más adecuado complemento.
|
1
I’d rather be poor
and happy |
A
early. |
|
2
I’d rather go
swimming |
B
than go to the
library. |
|
3
What would you
rather do, |
C
their national
honour. |
|
4
We’d rather |
D
than rich and sad. |
|
5
I’d rather leave |
E
he didn’t come. |
|
6
They would rather
starve than sell |
F
go to the cinema or
stay at home? |
HAD BETTER: se utiliza
para dar consejo.
I’m on a diet. I’d better eat lettuce. Estoy a
dieta. Mejor comeré lechuga.
I don’t feel well. ~ You’d better stay at home today. No me siento bien. ~
Mejor quédate en casa hoy.
Ejercicio 2
Unir cada oración con
su más adecuado complemento.
|
1
It’s late. |
A
you’d better quit
smoking. |
|
2
He’s not a good
person. |
B
you’d better go home
and rest. |
|
3
He is her
ex-boyfriend. |
C
She’d better ask him
not to come. |
|
4
If you want to feel
healthy, |
D
You’d better hurry. |
|
5
Now that you have
worked all day, |
E
You’d better not
smile at him. |
VERB + SO
Se usa so después de ciertos verbos en vez de
repetir toda una oración. En oraciones negativas algunos de estos verbos se
forman con not…so o not.
Things will improve soon. ~ I hope so. Las cosas
mejorarán pronto. ~ Espero que sí.
Have we been good friends? ~ I think so.
¿Hemos
sido buenos amigos? ~ Creo que sí.
Did you find something you like? ~ I guess so. ¿Encontraste
algo que te guste? ~ Creo que sí.
Won’t they hire more people? ~ I’m afraid not. ¿No
contratarán más gente? ~ Me temo que no.
She is not as bad as her brother. ~ I suppose not. Ella no
es tan mala como su hermano. ~ Supongo que no.
Ejercicio 3
Responder las
preguntas usando el verbo entregado:
1 Is this the right moment? .............. (think afirmativa)
2 Have I answered your question? .............. (believe
afirmativa)
3 I will not fail again. .............. (hope
negativa)
4 Do I look pretty? ..............
(think negativa)
5 Is there anything else you would like to buy? .............. (guess
negativa)
6 It’s obvious that he is in love with you. .............. (hope
afirmativa)
7 Do you think we’ll be late? .............. (hope
negativa)
8 Do you think they’re all right? .............. (expect
afirmativa)
9 Is he honest? .............. (think negativa)
10
Will he come today?
.............. (expect negativa)
11
Did she fall off the
horse? .............. (afraid afirmativa)
12
Things could change
between now and Friday. ..............
(expect negativa)
13
My wife shouldn’t have
changed so much. .............. (suppose negativa)
14
Would you do it again?
.............. (believe afirmativa)
15
Do you believe that
she will come back? .............. (believe negativa)
16
He will get that job.
.............. (expect afirmativa)
17
Did you lend him $100
dollars? .............. (believe negativa)
18
Our team is going to
lose the match. .............. (afraid afirmativa)
19
Is he sober?
.............. (suppose afirmativa)
20
Will the thief be
punished? .............. (afraid negativa)
21
I guess my plan
failed. .............. (guess afirmativa)
22
Is this seat taken?
.............. (suppose afirmativa)
23
Is he dead?
.............. (guess negativa)
UNIDAD 56
SUBJUNTIVO
Se emplea después de
verbos que expresan orden, recomendación, hipótesis, posibilidad, entre otros.
A diferencia del castellano el subjuntivo en inglés casi no varía en su
terminación, como se ve en la siguiente tabla.
Tabla de formación con
los tiempos y las conjugaciones (en negrita) que difieren del indicativo:
|
Presente simple |
Presente continuo |
Presente perfecto |
Presente perfecto continuo |
Pasado continuo |
|
I play |
I be
playing |
I have played |
I have been playing |
I were playing |
|
You play |
You be
playing |
You have played |
You have been playing |
You were playing |
|
He play |
He be playing |
He have
played |
He have
been playing |
He were
playing |
|
She play |
She be
playing |
She have
played |
She have
been playing |
She were
playing |
|
It play |
It be playing |
It have
played |
It have
been playing |
It were
playing |
|
We play |
We be
playing |
We have played |
We have been playing |
We were playing |
|
They play |
They be
playing |
They have played |
They have been playing |
They were playing |
Verbo to be:
|
Presente simple |
Pasado simple |
|
I be |
I were |
|
You be |
You were |
|
He be |
He were |
|
She be |
She were |
|
It be |
It were |
|
We be |
We were |
|
They be |
They were |
He ordered that he not be arrested.
Él ordenó que él no sea arrestado.
I suggest that you not take the job. Sugiero
que no tomes el trabajo.
He suggests that we buy a good dictionary. Él
sugiere que compremos un buen diccionario.
The teacher insists that the students arrive on time. El
profesor insiste en que los estudiantes lleguen a tiempo.
The chairman recommended that she be hired inmediately. El
presidente recomendó que ella sea contratada inmediatamente.
Ejercicio 1
Completar con el verbo
en subjuntivo más apropiado.
be tell study release attend remain leave
1 She requested that my brother-in-law ....... at the wedding.
2 Susan insists that Tom ....... the truth.
3 The teacher suggested that Sam ....... harder for the exam.
4 I desire that you ....... this chapter for tomorrow.
5 I demand that you ....... him now.
6 I propose that we all ....... waiting in Tom’s flat when he gets home.
7 She asked that we ....... her graduation ceremony.
8 They recommend he ....... in jail for another six months.
9 She urged that the matter ....... resolved in a family court.
10
My son insists that
she not ....... invited to the wedding.
11
The boss proposed that
he not ....... at the meeting.
12
They recommend that
your friend not ....... this house.
13
I urged that she not
....... hospitalized.
Se usa el subjuntivo
también en expresiones formadas por it is
y que se refieren a juicios del hablante.
It’s essential that we be there.
Es esencial que nosotros estemos allí.
It’s necessary that he attend the meeting. Es
necesario que él asista a la reunión.
Ejercicio 2
Escribir en los
espacios la palabra más adecuada de acuerdo al contexto.
it’s important
this that medical find be leave
1 ....... imperative that we eat soon.
2 It’s ....... that she remember to take her medicine twice a day.
3 It’s imperative that we keep ....... confidential.
4 It’s necessary ....... my son study every day.
5 It’s urgent that you get ....... attention.
6 It’s crucial that we ....... a way to preserve our environment.
7 ....... important that everyone follow the rules.
8 It’s essential that he ....... present.
9 It’s vital that he ....... this house at once.
WISH
Se usa para expresar
el deseo de que las cosas fueran diferentes en el presente, pasado o futuro.
1.- Wish + pasado: se
refiere al presente o futuro, en este modelo el verbo to be cambia a were para
todas las personas.
I wish he were wiser. Desearía que él fuera más sabio.
I wish you were here. Desearía que estuvieras aquí.
I wish I had more money. Desearía tener más dinero.
2.- Wish + pasado
perfecto o wish + could + have + pasado participio: se refiere a situaciones en
el pasado.
I wish I had seen that movie.
Desearía haber visto esa película.
I wish I had taken that job in Spain. Desearía
haber tomado ese trabajo en España.
3.- Wish + would: se
usa para cuando deseamos que alguien cambie determinado comportamiento que
resulta molesto o para desear que alguien haga algo que uno quiere.
I wish you would go away. Me gustaría que te fueras.
I wish he would stop smoking.
Desearía que él parara de fumar.
Ejercicio 3
Colocar el verbo en la
forma correcta según las indicaciones:
1
He wishes he could
....... French fluently. (speak / deseo en el
presente)
2
I wish I ....... in
Canada. (live / deseo en el presente)
3
I wish you ....... me
so early in the morning. (phone / desear que alguien cambie)
4
I wish you ....... to
me. (listen / desear que alguien cambie)
5
We wish she .......
more people. (know / deseo en el presente)
6
I wish I ....... here
now. (be / deseo en el presente / negativa)
7
She wishes she .......
her umbrella. (lose / deseo en el pasado / negativa)
8
I wish I didn’t
....... to go to the dentist tomorrow.
(have / deseo en el presente /
negativa)
9
He wishes he .......
Spanish when he was young. (learn / deseo en el pasado / negativa)
10
I wish I ....... that. (say / deseo en el
pasado / negativa)
11 I wish we could ....... to London next week.