UNIDAD 61
EXPRESIONES DE LUGAR
II
OUTSIDE: en la parte
externa de algo.
Today it’s too cold to play outside. Hoy hace
demasiado frío para jugar afuera.
We waited patiently outside the building. Esperamos
pacientemente afuera del edificio.
ABOVE: sobre; en un
nivel más alto; cuando una cosa no está directamente sobre otra.
There’s a fly above your head.
Hay una mosca sobre tu cabeza.
It’s only a few degrees above zero.
Hace solo unos pocos grados sobre cero.
TOWARD: que se mueve
en una determinada dirección hacia algo o alguien.
The dog came racing toward me.
El perro vino corriendo hacia mí.
They moved slowly toward the door.
Ellos se movieron lentamente hacia la
puerta.
Ejercicio 1
Usar outside, above o toward donde corresponda:
1 The sun is ......... the clouds.
2 Let’s go ......... for a little fresh air.
3 The child ran ......... her father.
4 I’ll see you ......... the hospital at five o’clock.
5 Sarah and Julia are standing ......... the mall.
6 His mother came out of the house and the boy ran ......... her.
7 The garden is ......... the house.
8 I’ll meet you ......... the cinema.
9
We jumped .........
the wall.
10
I went upstairs
......... the attic.
11
Suddenly we saw a
flying saucer ......... the house.
IN FRONT OF: cerca de
la parte frontal de algo.
She cried in front of everyone.
Ella lloró delante de todos.
Our bus is waiting in front of the hotel. Nuestro
bus está esperando delante del hotel.
ACROSS: de un lado a
otro de algo, cuando se tienen límites claros, para superficies planas o áreas:
mar, países, etc.; cuando se cruza algo horizontal: valles, calles, ríos,
puentes, etc.
The boy swam across the river.
El niño nadó a través del río.
He came running across the field.
Él vino corriendo a través del campo.
THROUGH: indica
movimiento de un extremo o lado de algo a otro; enfatiza un espacio
tridimensional más que una superficie plana.
The wind whistled through the trees. El viento
silbaba a través de los árboles.
We could see a shape through the mist. Pudimos
ver una silueta a través de la niebla.
DOWN: hacia o en una
posición o nivel más bajo.
He ran down the hill. Él corrió colina abajo.
What’s happening down there?
¿Qué
ocurre allí abajo?
They always want to keep the cost down. Ellos
siempre quieren mantener el costo bajo.
Ejercicio 2
Usar in front of, across, through
o down donde corresponda:
1 All the cockroachs disappeared ......... the hole in the ceiling.
2 The mermaid sank ......... into the water.
3 The boy stood there ......... them.
4 There’s a van ......... the house.
5 Julia walked ......... the park.
6 She had to sing ......... a large audience.
7 She committed suicide by throwing herself ......... a deep well.
8 The car was ......... the bus.
9 It’s dangerous to run ......... the road.
10
Yesterday I rode my
bike ......... the field.
11
We drove ......... a
long tunnel.
12
We ran ......... the
street.
13
The train came
......... the tunnel.
14
The children sat
......... the TV.
15
Be careful! You could
fall ......... the stairs.
16
She was crying and
some tears poured ......... her cheeks.
17
He lives ......... the
street.
18
Where would you prefer
to sleep, upstairs or ......... here?
19
‘What are you doing
here?’ Asked the king looking ......... at him.
20
He led us ......... a
gate and into a little garden.
AT: se refiere a un
lugar visto como un punto más que como un área. También se refiere a eventos
donde hay un grupo de gente.
She’s at the airport. Ella está
en el aeropuerto.
Sarah isn’t at work today. Sarah no está en el trabajo hoy.
BEHIND: en la parte de
atrás de algo.
Jack waited behind the door.
Jack esperó detrás de la puerta.
He was sitting behind the tree.
Él estaba sentado detrás del árbol.
UP: hacia o en una
posición o nivel más alto.
I’ll be up in a few minutes.
Estaré arriba en unos pocos minutos.
The boat is going up the river.
El bote está yendo río arriba.
Up in the sky the sun is shining.
Arriba en el cielo el sol está brillando.
UNTIL: se usa para
determinar el lugar donde termina una acción.
Drive until the pedestrian crossing. Conduzca
hasta el cruce peatonal.
Walk until the next intersection and turn right. Camina
hasta la próxima intersección y dobla a la derecha.
Ejercicio 3
Usar at, until, behind o up donde corresponda:
1 The radio is ......... in my room.
2 Will you be ......... home tomorrow?
3 The cat is ......... the sofa.
4 My house is ......... the end of the street.
5 I didn’t see her ......... the concert.
6 Someone pointed to a flying saucer and we looked ..........
7 I met a lot of people ......... the party.
8 Paul was ......... Sally’s home.
9 Turn right ......... the traffic lights.
10
There’s a tree
......... the house.
11
The price of oil is
......... again.
12
I can fly ......... in
the clouds.
13
She heard a noise
......... her.
14
We rowed ......... the
river.
15
One of the people on
the ground looked ..........
16
Walk ......... the
next traffic lights.
17
There’s nobody
......... the station.
18
The sun was hidden
......... a cloud.
19
She works .........
the hospital.
20
I live ......... 45
Parker Street.
21
You should stay on the
bus ......... it reaches the bus station.
22
You should stay on the
train ......... Berlin and then change.
23
I saw an interesting
magazine ......... the counter.
INSIDE: el espacio,
lado o parte interior de algo.
Put the gift inside the box.
Pon el regalo dentro de la caja.
We remained inside the hotel.
Permanecimos
dentro del hotel.
OPPOSITE: en una
posición frente a algo o en el otro lado.
She sat opposite John at the table.
Ella se sentó frente a John en la mesa.
His house is opposite the supermarket. Su casa
está frente al supermercado.
ALONG: de un extremo a
otro de algo, generalmente se refiere a un lugar que sigue una línea de algún
tipo: caminos, ríos, playas, etc.
We drove along the coast. Condujimos por la
costa.
Let’s go for a walk along the river. Demos un
paseo por el río.
Ejercicio 4
Usar inside, opposite o along donde corresponda:
1 The bathroom is ......... the kitchen.
2 She’s jogging ......... the stream.
3 The bird is ......... the cage.
4 My children are ......... the house.
5 You can’t take photos ......... the church.
6 The key is ......... the suitcase.
7 The bank is ......... the cinema.
8 I was walking ......... the road with my dog.
9 The ship sails ......... the coast line.
10
They live in the house
......... mine.
11
What is ......... the
chest?
UNIDAD 62
CANTIDADES
HALF: la mitad. Se usa
half a con sustantivos en singular.
We waited for half an hour. Esperamos media hora.
I bought half a kilo of apples yesterday. Compré
medio kilo de manzanas ayer.
He’s been a fugitive for more than half of his life. Él ha
sido un fugitivo por más de la mitad de su vida.
Ejercicio 1
Reescribir las
oraciones y colocar half donde
corresponda:
1 Could you give me a kilo of sugar? ............................
2 They will have to work an extra an hour on Saturday afternoons.
............................
3 I’ve been going to the gym for a year now. ............................
4 The rainfall was only the monthly average. ............................
5 If he is hungry, I will give him of my supper. ............................
6 She gave me of the oranges. ............................
7 You can have of the cake. ............................
8 We were in the ocean and suddenly a dozen dolphins appeared.
............................
TWICE AS...AS: el
doble.
Next year she will be twice as old as Bill. El
próximo año ella tendrá el doble de edad que Bill.
That building is twice as high as my house. Ese
edificio es el doble de alto que mi casa.
We now need twice as many spies as before. Ahora
necesitamos el doble de espías que antes.
You will earn twice as much money this year. Ganarás
el doble de dinero este año.
The school has twice as many students as seats. La
escuela tiene el doble de estudiantes que de asientos.
Ejercicio 2
Colocar twice as many...(as),
twice as much...(as) o twice as...as donde
corresponda:
1 There are .............. homeless in this city as stray dogs.
2 We need .............. rope to do the job.
3 Mars may have .............. water as the earth.
4 We sold almost .............. beer as the week before.
5 We will sell .............. mobile phones as cameras.
6 European children eat .............. cheese as American children.
7 By the year 2020, .............. people will be living in the city.
8 By 2010 our company could be .............. big ........ it is today.
A COUPLE OF: un par de.
I’ve read it a couple of times.
Lo he leído un par de veces.
I lived in London for a couple of years. Viví en
Londres por un par de años.
Ejercicio 3
Reescribir las
oraciones y colocar a couple of donde corresponda:
1 After lessons, she could drive very well. ............................
2 We’ve lost members since then. ............................
3 The park is situated kilometers from the town centre.
............................
4 I will post pictures of my new home. ............................
5 I have had busy weeks. ............................
AT MOST: a lo sumo;
como máximo.
AT LEAST:
requerimiento mínimo; no menor que.
He ran two miles at most. Él corrió dos millas como máximo.
Her chances of survival were at most 10%. Sus
opciones de sobrevivir eran a lo más de un 10%.
I want at least $1.000 for this paining. Quiero al
menos $1.000 por esta pintura.
The training will take at least five years. El
entrenamiento tomará al menos cinco años
Ejercicio 4
Escribir en los
espacios la palabra más adecuada de acuerdo al contexto:
mile is waiter once a most
1 That child is not old enough to buy cigarettes, he ....... fifteen at
most.
2 The plateau is not very wide. Half a ....... at most.
3 The band usually plays to an audience of at ....... 300 people.
4 Give the ....... at least $100 as a tip.
5 He would like to hit the ball at least ........
6 The commitee meets at least once ....... week.
DIMENSIONES
The bridge is one hundred meters long. El puente
tiene cien metros de largo.
The mountain is two hundred meters high. La
montaña tiene doscientos metros de alto.
The living room is five meters long and five meters wide. El living
tiene cinco metros de largo por cinco de ancho.
Ejercicio 5
Tomando como medida meters, completar las siguientes oraciones:
1 The pitch ............................. (20 long; 10 wide)
2 The tunnel ............................. (50 long)
3 The swimming pool ............................. (20 long; 10 wide)
4 The kitchen ............................. (20 long; 10 wide)
5 The tree ............................. (20 high)
PUNTOS CARDINALES
I’ll go east. Iré al este.
I don’t like to travel west. No me
gusta viajar al oeste.
Five tanks are heading north. Cinco
tanques están dirigiéndose al norte.
Some birds fly south in
winter. Algunos
pájaros vuelan al sur en invierno.
I think that the people in the south
are friendly. Creo que la gente en el sur es amistosa.
They live in a small house in the south
of London. Ellos viven en una pequeña casa en el sur de Londres.
Ejercicio 6
Suponiendo que la
flecha ↑ indica el norte,
llenar los espacios en blanco con el adecuado punto cardinal.