UNIDAD 65

 

PREPOSICIONES II

 

OF: se refiere a una cantidad, medida, contenido o unidades de algo.

He bought a bottle of milk.       Él compró una botella de leche.

Where’s the other packet of cereals?       ¿Dónde está el otro paquete de cereales?

 

Indica de qué está hecho o formado algo.

This spoon is made of gold.       Esta cuchara está hecha de oro.

The rocks were made of a very special material.       Las rocas estaban hechas de un material muy especial.

 

Indica posesión, pertenencia u origen.

This is the best day of my life.       Este es el mejor día de mi vida.

She is reading on the balcony of the house.       Ella está leyendo en el balcón de la casa.

 

Completa el significado de una idea previa.

He wasn’t aware of his sin.       Él no estaba conciente de su pecado.

The doctors found no evidence of infection.       Los doctores no encontraron evidencia de infección.

 

FOR: señala un período de tiempo o una cierta distancia.

She was silent for a few seconds.       Estuvo callada por unos pocos segundos.

He has been in jail for more than three years.       Ha estado en la cárcel por más de tres años.

 

Se usa para hablar de un propósito particular.

He didn’t prepare for the interview.       Él no se preparó para la entrevista.

They are looking for a photographer for their wedding.       Están buscando un fotógrafo para su boda.

 

Que se planea, proyecta, hace, etc., para ser entregado a alguien.

He will buy another necklace for his wife.       Él comprará otro collar para su esposa.

This recipe was specially prepared for the king.       Esta receta fue especialmente preparada para el rey.

 

Se refiere a una cantidad de dinero.

I need a loan for $10.000.       Necesito un préstamo por $10.000.

He bought an old radio for $5.000.       Compró una radio vieja por $5.000.

 

En relación a algo o alguien.

Let’s pray for his soul.       Recemos por su alma.

This flat is too expensive for us.       Este departamento es demasiado caro para nosotros.

 

Debido a.

Thank you for your patience.       Gracias por tu paciencia.

You should apologise for your behaviour.       Deberías disculparte por tu comportamiento.

 

FOR + PERSONA/COSA + TO: esta construcción indica finalidad.

We are praying for him to get there.       Estamos rezando para que él llegue allá.

We offer a forum for you to discuss topics of interest.       Ofrecemos un foro para que ustedes discutan temas de interés.

 

Ejercicio 1

Usar of o for donde corresponda:

      1      I bought three pairs ......... shorts.

      2      She waited at the bus station ......... two hours.

      3      She lent her cousin her car ......... the weekend.

      4      I booked a shared room ......... one week.

      5      My son has eaten two pieces ......... cake.

      6      After walking for five kilometres, he stopped ......... a rest.

      7      My father has been unemployed ......... six months.

      8      They will stay a couple ......... days.

      9      Paul has been a vegetarian ......... years.

  10      This sponge is ......... cleaning the sink.

  11      In her room there was a wardrobe ......... clothes.

  12      He bought 10 kg. ......... rice.

  13      Help me to carry these buckets ......... water.

  14      The doctor gave me a prescription ......... my cold.

  15      Tomorrow we will get up early to prepare ......... our trip.

  16      I decided to reserve a suite ......... our honeymoon.

  17      Have you found a nice gift ......... her?

  18      I want two pounds ......... butter.

  19      He is trying to finish a play ......... the theatre director.

  20      My mother asked me to cook dinner ......... the entire family.

  21      The solar system is composed ......... nine planets.

  22      The little boy continued making figures ......... clay.

  23      I will buy the yate ......... that price.

  24      I sold my house ......... $50.000.

  25      I paid $1.000 ......... this poster.

  26      This necklace is made ......... silver.

  27      The drugstore was at the other side ......... the town.

  28      They couldn’t find any trace ......... her sister.

  29      One ......... his two children broke an arm.

  30      He has a weakness ......... tobacco and alcohol.

  31      The skirt was too large ......... her.

  32      I’ve learned that skiing is not ......... me.

  33      She wouldn’t sacrifice herself ......... others.

  34      He has been appointed product manager ......... a big company.

  35      Excuse me ......... being late.

  36      I’m sorry ......... not phoning last night.

  37      He declined to write a letter ......... recommendation.

  38      We made all the arrangements for an increase ......... salary.

  39      The investors expect many years ......... strong growth.

  40      Most of the students looked up to Mr. Davis ......... his kindness.

  41      We visited several cities famous ......... their great beauty.

  42      Einstein is known for his theory ......... relativity.

  43      Our country has an equitable distribution ......... wealth.

  44      I’m well known ......... my sympathetic nature.

  45      We have many good games here ......... you to play online.

  46      The tie was specially designed ......... him to wear at work.

  47      The weather was too rainy ......... them to go out.

 

LIKE: similar a; en la misma forma que.

He works like a slave.       Él trabaja como un esclavo.

I want a motorbike like that.       Quiero una moto como ésa.

 

WITHOUT: que no posee o carece de algo.

We cannot live without water.       No podemos vivir sin agua.

Don’t go out without an umbrella.       No salgas sin un paraguas.

 

AFTER: en persecución de algo.

The dog was running after the cat.       El perro estaba corriendo tras el gato.

The policeman has gone after the killer.       El policía ha ido tras el asesino.

 

FROM: en líneas generales, establece un punto de inicio que se toma como referencia para establecer el sentido final de la oración.

He comes from Italy.       Él viene de Italia.

The wind is blowing from the north.       El viento está soplando desde el norte.

Some lions escaped from the zoo last night.       Algunos leones escaparon del zoológico anoche.

 

Ejercicio 2

Usar like, without, after o from donde corresponda:

      1      I drove ......... Paris to Berlin.

      2      He wandered round the house ......... a ghost.

      3      She was dressed in green ......... head to foot.

      4      My brother is ......... my father.

      5      Our boss is ......... Russia.

      6      I can’t live ......... money.

      7      He was, ......... doubt, a frightened man.

      8      He ran away ......... the store.

      9      This letter is ......... Japan.

  10      My son can swim ......... a fish.

  11      It’s illegal to drive ......... a driver license.

  12      He can walk ......... help.

  13      He lives only a few miles ......... London.

  14      The boy ran ......... the rabbit.

  15      They’re completely exhausted ......... the trip.

  16      The murderer is ......... me.

  17      Do I look ......... an idiot?

  18      Paper is made ......... wood.

  19      Anne is very different ......... her sister.

  20      We watched the fireworks ......... the roof of the hotel.

  21      Don’t do it ......... any preparation.

  22      We heard a howling noise coming ......... the hospital.

  23      The boy ran ......... the ball.

 

UNIDAD 66

 

PREPOSICIONES III

 

OFF: que no está en el trabajo.

He’s off on Fridays.       Él está libre los viernes.

She took five days off.       Ella se tomó cinco días libres.

 

INTO: muestra un cambio de una cosa o persona de una condición a otra.

We made this room into a kitchen.       Convertimos esta pieza en una cocina.

His biography was translated into French.       Su biografía fue traducida al francés.

 

WITH: en compañía de; junto a.

Put this glass with the others.       Pon este vaso con los otros.

Do you want to come with me?       ¿Quieres venir conmigo?

 

Se refiere a un objeto o concepto usado para conseguir algo.

He killed the rats with poison.       Él mató las ratas con veneno.

Can I pay with my credit card?       ¿Puedo pagar con mi tarjeta de crédito?

 

Se emplea para describir cosas.

Who is that man with a beard?       ¿Quién es ese hombre de barba?

She’s married with four children.       Ella está casada con cuatro hijos.

They saw an old man with a red hat.       Ellos vieron un viejo con un sombrero rojo.

The ghost appears in the shape of a figure with two heads.       El fantasma aparece en la forma de una figura con dos cabezas.

 

En relación a.

She is careful with her money.       Ella es cuidadosa con su dinero.

I’m dissapointed with my new computer.       Estoy decepcionado con mi nuevo computador.

 

Se refiere a un elemento que cubre o llena algo.

The shop was crowded with people.       La tienda estaba llena de gente.

All the trees were covered with snow.       Todos los árboles estaban cubiertos con nieve.

 

AGAINST: en oposición a.

She is against slavery.       Ella está contra la esclavitud.

I have nothing against him.       No tengo nada contra él.

 

Ejercicio 1

Usar off, into, with o against donde corresponda:

      1      Could you give me some time ......... work?

      2      My girlfriend lives ......... her parents.

      3      Would you like to have lunch ......... me?

      4      This summer I went to France ......... my wife.

      5      I’m taking tomorrow ..........

      6      He spends a lot of time ......... his friends.

      7      He wants to play ......... us.

      8      The executioner made the pliable rope ......... a noose.

      9      You should never play ......... fire.

  10      I have seen strange things ......... my own eyes.

  11      She charms men ......... her tenderness.

  12      I don’t like this sentence. You could turn it ......... a question.

  13      She scratched her face ......... her fingernails.

  14      I killed the fly ......... a pillow.

  15      My cousin is playing ......... the computer.

  16      They cut off his leg ......... a hatchet.

  17      Mark is the one ......... curly red hair.

  18      Do you know the woman ......... red hair?

  19      Tom is still in the hospital ......... serious injuries.

  20      ......... his parents’ wishes, he wants to be an astronaut.

  21      He is proud of having a friend ......... such noble ideas.

  22      I’m fed up ......... my job.

  23      I have a problem ......... memorizing names of people.

  24      He was very pleased ......... his appearance.

  25      I want to change dollars ......... euros.

  26      Do you have a good relationship ......... your mother-in-law?

  27      Stealing is ......... the law.

  28      The government should take tough measures ......... the promotion of tobacco.

  29      She looked happy and pleased ......... her life.

  30      The chest was covered ......... dirt.

  31      Our fridge is filled ......... food.

  32      The ground was covered ......... snow.

  33      It’s very hard to swim ......... the current.

 

BEFORE: en frente de.

All men are equal before the law.       Todos los hombres son iguales ante la ley.

The mayor will speak before the town council tonight.       El alcalde hablará ante el consejo de la ciudad esta noche.

 

AT: expresa una tasa, intensidad o parámetro.

Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.       El agua hierve a 100 grados Celsius.

He was driving at 120 km. per hour.       Estaba conduciendo a 120 km. por hora.