UNIDAD 71
CONJUNCIONES III
SO...THAT: esta
construcción se emplea para decir que una cualidad o condición se expresa a tal
punto que provoca una consecuencia que podríamos llamar lógica.
This tea is so hot that I can’t drink it. Este té
está tan caliente que no puedo beberlo.
The film was so good that I saw it five times. La
película era tan buena que la vi cinco veces.
HOWEVER: expresa
contraste en el sentido de ‘a pesar de esto’.
She is beautiful, however she doesn’t dress very well. Ella es
bonita, sin embargo no se viste muy bien.
We live in the same building, however we hardly see each other. Vivimos
en el mismo edificio, sin embargo apenas nos vemos.
SINCE: expresa una razón.
The ship couldn’t move, since there was no wind. El barco
no se pudo mover, ya que no había viento.
Since you are so tired, you should go to bed early. Ya que
estás tan cansado, deberías acostarte temprano.
FURTHERMORE: en adición a.
He is very poor, furthermore, he is homeless. Él es muy
pobre, además, no tiene casa.
The region is beautiful, furthermore, the climate is excellent. La región
es hermosa, además, el clima es excelente.
IN SPITE OF: algo
ocurre sin tomar en cuenta una determinada situación.
He is happy in spite of his bad luck. Él es
feliz a pesar de su mala suerte.
It wasn’t cold in spite of the heavy rain. No hacía
frío a pesar de la fuerte lluvia.
Ejercicio 1
Completar con so...that, however,
since, furthermore o in spite of
según corresponda.
1 Karen is rich, ……., her mother is poor.
2 I was ……. tired ……. I fell asleep on the train.
3 The music is ……. loud ……. I can’t sleep.
4 She is a wonderful woman, ……., I would prefer to marry her sister.
5 ……. you didn’t call, I made other plans.
6 Paul wasn’t thirsty, ……., he drank five glasses of water.
7 The lemonade was ……. cold ……. she couldn’t drink it.
8 That takes ……. little time ……. you might do it yourself.
9 I understand your point of view, ……., I don’t agree with it.
10
He’s very tired today,
……., he will go to work.
11
……. I have no money, I
can’t go to the theatre.
12
……. his illness he
attended the meeting.
13
That house isn’t big
enough for us, and ……., it’s too expensive.
14
He speaks ……. fluently
……. I thought he was British.
15
……. his illness he
attended the meeting.
16
……. you are here, you
could help me.
17
His wife wasn’t
energetic at all, ……., she was a tireless sleeper.
18
The meeting was
boring, ……. there weren’t enough seats for everyone.
19
They climbed the
mountain ……. the terrible weather.
20
I feel great ……. the
fact that I broke my arm.
21
She loves me ……. the
fact that I am a drug addict.
22
It was a successful
journey ……. some scary moments.
23
I don’t like my job,
……., I do my best.
ON + ING FORM: esta
estructura se emplea para hablar del momento en que ocurre algo.
BY + ING FORM: esta
construcción se emplea para hablar de un método o medio usado para conseguir
algo.
You’ll never get rich by playing the violin here. Nunca te
harás rico tocando el violín aquí.
We’re not making any progress by arguing like this. No
estamos haciendo ningún progreso discutiendo así.
On crossing the street he saw an accident. Al cruzar
la calle el vió un accidente.
My uncle was the first person I saw on leaving the hospital. Mi tío
fue la primera persona que vi al salir de hospital.
Ejercicio 2
Completar con on o by
según corresponda.
1 They escaped ....... digging a hole.
2 ....... answering the phone she said: ‘How are you?’.
3 She avoided him ....... walking on the opposite side of the road.
4 I like learning about new ideas ....... talking to new people.
5 ....... entering the room, she shouted at me furiously.
6 ....... leaving work early, she was able to avoid the heavy traffic.
7 Many people ....... leaving their native country forget their roots.
8 The splinter can be removed ....... using tweezers.
9 ....... reaching the top of the staircase, he lit a candle.
10
....... arriving he
noticed the door was open.
UNIDAD 72
PREPOSICIONES EN
RELATIVOS
La forma más común de
usar las preposiciones en las oraciones con relativos en ubicándolas al final
de la frase omitiendo el pronombre relativo. Sin embargo, una construcción más
formal es posible usando el pronombre y la preposición luego del objeto o
persona referido.
A
chair is something you sit on. Una silla es algo sobre
lo cual te sientas.
A
chair is something on which you sit.
Una silla es algo sobre lo cual te
sientas.
He
is the man Louise works with. Él es el hombre con quien Louise trabaja.
He
is the man with whom Louise works. Él es el hombre con
quien Louise trabaja.
The house they live in is too small for them. La casa
en la que viven es demasiado pequeña para ellos.
The house in which they live is too small for them. La casa
en la que viven es demasiado pequeña para ellos.
Ejercicio 1
Reescribir las
siguientes oraciones colocando el pronombre o reubicando la preposición de
acuerdo a lo estudiado:
1 I forgot the date you arrived on. ............................
2 Here’s the man you wanted to talk to. ............................
3 The building in which they work is new. ............................
4 The room we were staying in had no windows. ............................
5 The leather with which we make the jackets is expensive.
............................
6 He broke the plate he ate lunch on. ............................
7 There isn’t any job Paul would be happy with.
............................
8 There isn’t enough snow on which to ski. ............................
9 Who is the man Susan is dancing with? ............................
10
I met the boy Susan
used to go out with. ............................
11
Those are the girls I
told you about. ............................
PREFIJOS – SUFIJOS
A continuación se
presenta un lista con los algunos de los sufijos y prefijos más comunes, junto
con el concepto asociado a cada uno:
-able -ible -ble:
factible de: read > readable.
-age: proceso, estado:
leak > leakage.
-al: conectado con: person
> personal.
-ance -ence: acción,
estado, proceso: coincide > coincidence.
-ant: persona que hace
algo: ignore > ignorant.
-tion: estado, acción:
imagine > imagination.
-en: entrega una
determinada cualidad: deaf > deafen.
-er: persona que hace
algo: build > builder.
-ful: que posee una
cualidad particular: help > helpful.
-ian: persona que hace
algo: politics > politician.
-ist: persona que hace
o cree en algo: science > scientist.
-ive: que posee una
cualidad particular: invent > inventive.
-ize -ise: que produce
un estado particular: rational > rationalize.
-ment: condición,
estado o acción: excite > excitement.
-ness: estado o
cualidad: sad > sadness.
-or: persona que hace
algo: direct > director.
-ous: que posee una
determinada cualidad: mystery > mysterious.
-y: que posee la
cualidad de la cosa mencionada: green > greeny.
-less: carencia de: care > careless.
-ic: relacionado con:
hero > heroic.
un-: opuesto de: necessary
> unnecessary.
in-: opuesto de:
explicable > inexplicable.
im-: opuesto de:
personal > impersonal.
dis-: opuesto de:
contented > discontented.
mis-: equivocado:
calculate > miscalculate.
over-: más de lo
normal: load > overload.
Ejercicio 2
Usar el apropiado
sufijo o prefijo para las palabras entregadas:
1 You must pass the theory test before you can apply for the practical
............. (examine)
2 What is the ............. of this word? (define)
3 I am a member of this .............. (organize)
4 Recommended .............: 1 or 2 tablets once a day. (dose)
5 A computer uses two types of .............. (store)
6 Funds and supplies are needed to maintain the .............. (orphan)
7 Road accidents are the biggest cause of ............. death. (accident)
8 We are supporting the ............. campaign to improve reading skills. (nation)
9 Use logical, objective thinking to find ............. solutions to
problems. (origin)
10
What would you change
about your .............? (appear)
11
............. is
measured in Ohms. (resist)
12
Athletes do all sorts
of things to improve their .............. (perform)
13
Most types of skin
cancer are fully .............. (cure)
14
Science has been
restricted to things that are physical, ............. and objective. (measure)
15
Are you sitting
.............? (comfort)
16
I worked as a shop
............. in Dublin. (assist)
17
I’d love to be an
.............. (account)
18
Some people are rude
and .............. (ignore)
19
I have a story to
............. your day. (bright)
20
What he has to say
will ............. you. (sad)
21
Did you .............
to overrule him? (threat)
22
He has decided to
become a professional .............. (paint)
23
The apartment had been
used without the .............’s permission. (own)
24
What’s the name of
your .............? (teach)
25
Be .............. This
is a dangerous terrain. (care)
26
Despite these flaws,
he is very intelligent and a ............. leader. (power)
27
The staff are very
............. and friendly. (help)
28
What inspired you to
become a .............? (history)
29
By midnight there was
still no sign of the .............. (comedy)
30
The ..............
shows the spectator three cards. (magic)
31
This site offers fun
ways to be .............. (create)
32
They make you feel
guilty for not being a ............. citizen. (cooperate)
33
Children enjoy musical
and ............. activities. (imagine)
34
His goal is to .............
our national music. (popular)
35
The parliament voted
to ............. euthanasia. (legal)
36
It is not fair to
............. and conclude that all these people are bad. (general)
37
Which unit of
............. would be suitable for this experiment? (measure)
38
We looked out of the
window, and to our ............., we saw a flying saucer. (amaze)
39
What are some of the
common types of ............. disorders? (move)
40
Many commuters make
their daily journey to work on ............. trains. (crowded)
41
An ............. of
water overwhelms the body’s cells. (dose)
42
Try not to
............. when disagreement occurs. (react)
43
Today’s quiz is about
.............. (crazy)
44
............. is very
important in our society. (polite)
45
Today’s topic:
.............. (selfish)
46
Robert’s nephew is
also an .............. (act)
47
He inspired me to
become an .............. (invent)
48
They saw him as a
powerful ............. during the war. (negotiate)
49
We will create the
most ............. environment for our business. (advantage)
50
It’s a .............
film. (marvel)
51
Not all snakes are
............. to humans. (danger)
52
Do you have
............. neighbours? (noise)
53
I hope it will be
............. here all afternoon. (sun)
54
The day started quite
.............. (cloud)
55
I also felt
............. and depressed. (use)
56
His kindness had
inspired many ............. children. (hope)
57
He had and
............. interest in so many things. (end)
58
My boss was an
.............. (alcohol)
59
We could smeel the
............. flowers and wild plants. (aroma)
60
Let’s try to be a
little less ............. about this issue. (dogma)
61
Is this paranormal or
is it just a .............? (coincide)
62
What arguments can be
used to prove the ............. of God? (exist)
63
My personal
............. is to avoid watching movies adapted from books. (prefer)
64
I was reading about an
experiment a marine .............. did. (biology)
65
If you’re looking for
a particular .............., try the search box to the right. (art)
66
He and another
.............. named John went to the convention. (anarchy)
67
If their behaviour is
.............., an appropiate punishment will follow. (acceptable)
68
Headaches are
.............. in small children. (common)
69
Environmental analysis
revealed .............. shifts in ambient temperature. (expected)
70
Many large companies
have .............. systems. (efficient)